THE VOWELS
EXAMPLES:
SHORT A= apple
LONG A= apron
SHORT E= egg
LONG E= she
SHORT I= indian food
LONG I= ice
SHORT O= orange
LONG O= bone
SHORT U= hungry
LONG U= utensil
THE ALPHABET
FRUITS &
VEGETABLES A-Z
A: apple, apricot,
amaranth, asparagus, aonori, avocado, artichoke, alpalfa
B: blueberry,
bearberry, bok choy, banana, broccoli, blackberry, brussel sprouts, bean
sprouts
C: cherry,
currant, chokeberry, cabbage, carrot, celery, cauliflower, cumquats, cucumber,
chick pea, coconut, clementine, chard, cantaloupe
D: durian,
dragonfruit, dandelion, daikon, date
E: eggfruit,
elderberry, endive, eggplant, earthnut pea
F: fig, feijoa,
fava bean, fennel, French bean
G: grape, guava,
gooseberry, garlic, ginger, grapefruit
H: huc kleberry,
hackberry, hijiki, honey dew, hickory nut, horseradish
I: ivy, Indian
fig, iceburg lettuce, Indian pea, Indian corn
J: jackfruit,
jujube, Jerusalem artichoke, jícama, jalapeno
K: kiwifruit,
kai-lan, kuka, komatsuna or kai-lan, kurrat, kohlrabi, kale
L: lemon, lychee,
lingonberry, lettuce, leek, lime
M: mandarin,
melon, mulberry, mustard, marrow, mace, mushroom
N: nectarine,
nutmeg, neem, nannyberry, nopal, New Zealand Spinach
O: orange, olive,
oil palm, okra, onion , orache, okra
P: plum, peach,
potato, parsnip, pumpkin, passionfruit, pea, pineapple, pomegranate, pear,
papaya,
Q: quince,
quandong
R: rambutan,
rhubarb, raspberry, radish, rice bean, radicchio, rutabega
S: sea grape,
strawberry, spinach, sweetcorn, sweet potato, seaweed, star fruit,
T: tamarind,
tangerine, turnip, tomato, taro, tigernut
U: ugni, ulluco,
urad bean
V: vanilla, velvet
bean
W: wax apple,
watermelon, wolfberry, wasabi, watercress, water chestnut
X: xerophyte,
ximenia fruit, xigua
Y: yangmei, yacón,
yam, yardlong bean
Z: zucchini
GREETINGS
AND INTRODUCTIONS
FORMAL GREETINGS
-
Hello
-
How
is everything?
-
How
are you?
-
How
do you do?
-
How
are you doing?
INFORMAL GREETINGS
-
Hi
– Hello
-
What´s
up?
-
What´s
new?
-
What´s
going on?
-
How
are you doing?
-
How
is it going?
-
How
is life treating you?
FAREWELLS - GOODBYE
-
Bye
-
So
long
-
See
you later
-
Good
night
-
Nice
to meet you
ANSWERS
-
Very
well, thank you
-
I´m
fine, thank you
-
Very
good
TITLES
Mr.= (pronounced "mister") is used when you're
addressing a man.
Sir.= (pronounced "Sěr") is used with adult male of any age.
Mrs.= (pronounced "miziz") is used for married woman who uses her husband's last name.
Ms.= (pronounced "miz") is used for married
or unmarried woman; common in business.
Miss= (pronounced "miss") is for an unmarried woman and female children and teenagers too.
Ma'am/Madam= is used for adult female.Other titles include "Dr." (pronounced "doctor"), Professor, Judge, President (of a country, not a company), Governor, Officer, General, Nurse, and some other job titles).
To get someone's attention you can say:
"Excuse me, Sir" or "Pardon me, Madam/Ma'am."
To greet someone you can say:
"Hello Sir" or "Good morning, Madam/Ma'am."
INTRODUCING PHRASES
My name is...
I am...
This is...
Welcome to...
Let me introduce you to...
I would like to introduce you to...
Nice to meet you
Pleased to meet you
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
WE USE THIS/THESE FOR CLOSE THINGS: (HERE)
HERE = We are here.
THIS = This knife is really good.
THESE= These dishes are dirty.
WE USE THAT/THOSE FOR THINGS THAT ARE FAR: (THERE)
THERE = The kitchen is there.
THAT = That table in the kitchen is small.
THOSE = The Menus are not in its place.
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
My name is...
I am...
This is...
Welcome to...
Let me introduce you to...
I would like to introduce you to...
Nice to meet you
Pleased to meet you
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
WE USE THIS/THESE FOR CLOSE THINGS: (HERE)
HERE = We are here.
THIS = This knife is really good.
THESE= These dishes are dirty.
WE USE THAT/THOSE FOR THINGS THAT ARE FAR: (THERE)
THERE = The kitchen is there.
THAT = That table in the kitchen is small.
THOSE = The Menus are not in its place.
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
I
YOU
HE
SHE
IT
WE
YOU
THEY
POSSESSIVE ADJETIVES
MY
YOUR
HIS
HER
ITS
OUR
YOUR
THEIR
TO
BE VERB
WH
QUESTION WORDS
Usamos palabras de preguntas para preguntar cierto tipo de
preguntas. A menudo las llamamos las preguntas WH porque estas inluyen las
letras WH (for example WHy, HoW).
Question Word
|
Function
|
Example
|
what
|
asking for
information about something
|
What is your name?
|
| what |
asking
for repetition or confirmation
|
What? I
can't hear you.
You did what? |
what...for
|
asking
for a reason, asking why
|
What did
you do that for?
|
when
|
asking about time
|
When did he leave?
|
where
|
asking in
or at what place or position
|
Where do they live?
|
which
|
asking about choice
|
Which
colour do you want?
|
who
|
asking
what or which person or people (subject)
|
Who opened the door?
|
whom
|
asking what
or which person or people (object)
|
Whom did you see?
|
whose
|
asking about ownership
|
Whose are
these keys?
Whose turn is it? |
why
|
asking
for reason, asking what...for
|
Why do
you say that?
|
why don't
|
making a suggestion
|
Why don't
I help you?
|
how
|
asking about manner
|
How does this work?
|
asking
about condition or quality
|
How was your exam?
|
|
how + adj/adv
|
asking
about extent or degree
|
see examples below
|
how far
|
distance
|
How far
is Pattaya from Bangkok?
|
how long
|
length (time or space)
|
How long
will it take?
|
how many
|
quantity (countable)
|
How many
cars are there?
|
how much
|
quantity (uncountable)
|
How much
money do you have?
|
how old
|
age
|
How old are you?
|
how come (informal)
|
asking for
reason, asking why
|
How come
I can't see her?
|
| Owner | Larder Chef |
| Manager/ Boss | Sauce Chef |
| Employee | Commis |
| Host | Caller |
| Hostess | Fast food workers |
| Waiter | Counter attendants |
| Waitress | Wait staff |
| Cook | Cashier |
| Fry Cook | Bartender |
| Grill Cook | Dishwasher |
| Head Chef | Busser/ Bus person |
| Line Cook | Expeditor/ Expo |
| Pantry Cook | Runners |
| Pantry Chef | Receptionist |
| Pastry Chef | Captain |
| Dessert Chef | Server |
| Executive Chef | Cocktail Server |
| Sous Chef | Reservationist |
| Salad Chef | Cleaning staff |
THE GENITIVE OR POSSESSIVE CASE
The genitive case is predominantly used for showing
possession. With nouns, it is usually created by adding 's to the word or by
preceding it with of.
It´s normally used with
people, animals though it can also be used with places, organizations and
companies (which suggest a group of people). It is not common to use the
’s with non-living things.
1. Singular nouns
add 's (apostrophe S)
- Carla's kitchen is nice.
2. Plural nouns ending in –s
only add the apostrophe '
(without the S)
- My sisters' culinary classes are interesting.
THE NUMBERS
CARDINAL
NUMBERS
ORDINALS NUMBERS
1
|
one
|
1st
|
first
|
|
2
|
two
|
2nd
|
second
|
|
3
|
three
|
3rd
|
third
|
|
4
|
four
|
4th
|
fourth
|
|
5
|
five
|
5th
|
fifth
|
|
6
|
six
|
6th
|
sixth
|
|
7
|
seven
|
7th
|
seventh
|
|
8
|
eight
|
8th
|
eighth
|
|
9
|
nine
|
9th
|
ninth
|
|
10
|
ten
|
10th
|
tenth
|
|
11
|
eleven
|
11th
|
eleventh
|
|
12
|
twelve
|
12th
|
twelfth
|
|
13
|
thirteen
|
13th
|
thirteenth
|
|
14
|
fourteen
|
14th
|
fourteenth
|
|
15
|
fifteen
|
15th
|
fifteenth
|
|
16
|
sixteen
|
16th
|
sixteenth
|
|
17
|
seventeen
|
17th
|
seventeenth
|
|
18
|
eighteen
|
18th
|
eighteenth
|
|
19
|
nineteen
|
19th
|
nineteenth
|
|
20
|
twenty
|
20th
|
twentieth
|
|
21
|
twenty-one
|
21st
|
twenty-first
|
|
22
|
twenty-two
|
22nd
|
twenty-second
|
|
30
|
thirty
|
30th
|
thirtieth
|
|
40
|
forty
|
40th
|
fortieth
|
|
50
|
fifty
|
50th
|
fiftieth
|
|
60
|
sixty
|
60th
|
sixtieth
|
|
70
|
seventy
|
70th
|
seventieth
|
|
80
|
eighty
|
80th
|
eightieth
|
|
90
|
ninety
|
90th
|
ninetieth
|
|
100
|
a/one hundred
|
100th
|
hundredth
|
|
101
|
a/one
hundred and one
|
101st
|
hundred and first
|
|
200
|
two hundred
|
200th
|
two hundredth
|
|
1.000
|
a/one thousand
|
1.000th
|
thousandth
|
|
10.000
|
ten thousand
|
10.000th
|
ten thousandth
|
|
100.000
|
a/one hundred thousand
|
100.000th
|
one hundred thousandth
|
|
1.000.000
|
a/one million
|
1.000.000th
|
one millionth
|
|
COUNTRIES AND NATIONALITIES
Country
|
Nationality
|
Language
|
Afghanistan
|
Afghan
|
Persian - Pashto
|
Argentina
|
Argentine / Argentinean
|
Spanish
|
Australia
|
Australian
|
English
|
Belgium
|
Belgian
|
French / Flemish
|
Bolivia
|
Bolivian
|
Spanish
|
Brazil
|
Brazilian
|
Portuguese
|
Cambodia
|
Cambodian
|
Cambodian
|
Canada
|
Canadian
|
English / French
|
Chile
|
Chilean
|
Spanish
|
China
|
Chinese
|
Chinese
|
Colombia
|
Colombian
|
Spanish
|
Costa Rica
|
Costa Rican
|
Spanish
|
Cuba
|
Cuban
|
Spanish
|
Denmark
|
Danish (Dane)
|
Danish
|
Dominican Republic
|
Dominican
|
Spanish
|
Ecuador
|
Ecuadorian
|
Spanish
|
Egypt
|
Egyptian
|
Arabic
|
El Salvador
|
Salvadorian
|
Spanish
|
England
|
English
|
English
|
Estonia
|
Estonian
|
Estonian
|
Ethiopia
|
Ethiopian
|
Amharic
|
Finland
|
Finnish
|
Finnish
|
France
|
French
|
French
|
Germany
|
German
|
German
|
Greece
|
Greek
|
Greek
|
Guatemala
|
Guatemalan
|
Spanish
|
Haiti
|
Haitian
|
French / Creole
|
Honduras
|
Honduran
|
Spanish
|
Indonesia
|
Indonesian
|
Indonesian
|
Iran
|
Iranian
|
Persian
|
Ireland
|
Irish
|
Irish / English
|
Israel
|
Israeli
|
Hebrew
|
Italy
|
Italian
|
Italian
|
Japan
|
Japanese
|
Japanese
|
Jordan
|
Jordanian
|
Arabic
|
Korea
|
Korean
|
Korean
|
Laos
|
Laotian
|
Laotian
|
Latvia
|
Latvian
|
Latvian
|
Lithuania
|
Lithuanian
|
Lithuanian
|
Malaysia
|
Malaysian
|
Malay
|
Mexico
|
Mexican
|
Spanish
|
Morocco
|
Moroccan
|
Arabic / French
|
Netherlands
|
Dutch
|
Dutch
|
New Zealand
|
New Zealander
|
English / Maori
|
Nicaragua
|
Nicaraguan
|
Spanish
|
Norway
|
Norwegian
|
Norwegian
|
Panama
|
Panamanian
|
Spanish
|
Paraguay
|
Paraguayan
|
Spanish
|
Peru
|
Peruvian
|
Spanish
|
Philippines
|
Filipino
|
Tagalog
|
Poland
|
Polish
|
Polish
|
Portugal
|
Portuguese
|
Portuguese
|
Puerto Rico
|
Puerto Rican
|
Spanish
|
Romania
|
Romanian
|
Romanian
|
Russia
|
Russian
|
Russian
|
Saudi Arabia
|
Saudi
|
Arabic
|
Spain
|
Spanish
|
Spanish
|
Sweden
|
Swedish
|
Swedish
|
Switzerland
|
Swiss
|
Swiss
|
Taiwan
|
Taiwanese
|
Chinese
|
Tajikistan
|
Tajik
|
Tajik (Persian)
|
Thailand
|
Thai
|
Thai
|
Turkey
|
Turkish
|
Turkish
|
Ukraine
|
Ukrainian
|
Ukrainian
|
United States
|
American
|
English
|
Uruguay
|
Uruguayan
|
Spanish
|
Venezuela
|
Venezuelan
|
Spanish
|
Vietnam
|
Vietnamese
|
Vietnamese
|
Wales
|
Welsh
|
Welsh / English
|
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